Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals which are consumed in small quantities, that are necessary for our bodies physical and mental growth and development. Macronutrients on the other hand are the nutrients that are needed in larger quantities and include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Most of these vitamins and minerals must be consumed in the diet to provide adequate amounts that are needed for optimal health. But according to the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, folate, calcium, magnesium, fiber, and potassium are being under-consumed. They also consider iron, calcium, vitamin D, fiber, and potassium to be nutrients of public health concern because their “underconsumption has been linked in the scientific literature to adverse health outcomes.”
Sometimes these deficiencies are obvious (like calcium and osteoporosis) but oftentimes they are difficult to detect (like general fatigue and iron). Having sub-optimal levels of vitamins and minerals in our bodies may not show up clinically, making it difficult for your doctor to figure out what is going on. So all of those the frustrating symptoms, like fatigue and weight gain, may simply be a result of having inadequate levels of one or more micronutrients. Even having trouble focusing or feeling depressed can be linked to nutrient deficiencies. If these issues persist over the long term, more serious complications like cancer, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and age-related eye disease can also occur.